Urology

Urology is the field in medical science dealing with the functioning, disorders, as well as treatment of the male and female urinary tract. They include both surgical and non-surgical treatment of urinary tracts. Further, as the male urinary tract and reproductive system have common parts, therefore it also deals with male reproductive organs. Medical specialists of urology are called urologists. A variety of urinary disorders are reported every year, which urologists diagnose and attempt to treat.

Diseases under Urology

Urinary diseases of both sexes, as well as reproductive diseases in males, fall under this category. Some of the most common urological diseases are:

1. Erectile Dysfunction

During copulation, the blood vessels of the penis get filled with blood causing hardening. This is called an erection. However, in erectile dysfunction, it becomes difficult to get a firm erection. The causes of this disease may include psychological trauma or certain lifestyle changes.

Treatment- Erectile dysfunction can be treated. Firstly, you have to determine the root cause of the disorder. Erectile dysfunction may be caused due to some psychological trauma, stress, or lifestyle changes. In case of trauma, the intervention of a psychologist may help. Therapy is also an option to consider. Lifestyle changes such as smoking, an unhealthy diet, and lack of exercise can also be causes of erectile dysfunction. Your doctor might suggest medications or pumps to treat the problem.

2. Bladder Cancer:

The bladder is the hollow pouch-like part of the urinary system that stores urine. Bladder cancer occurs due to abnormal growth or tumor in the urinary bladder. Bladder cancer at an early stage is curable. Even after it is completely cured, regular check-ups with the doctor are required to avoid recurrence.

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Symptoms- Common symptoms of bladder cancer include:

• Painful urination
• Frequent urination
• Blood in urine
• Abdominal pain
• Back pain

Treatment- Bladder cancer can be treated through surgeries to remove the infected part. Sometimes the entire bladder is removed and replaced with urostomy bags (pouches to collect urine). Chemotherapies and biological therapies are also used as per the stage of the disease.

1. UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections)

Urinary tract infections are infections in any part of the urinary system. It can be ureters, bladder, urethra, or even kidneys. Bacterial infections are the primary cause of UTIs. This condition is more common in women than in men.

To prevent the infection, drink plenty of water. Stay hygienic to avoid any bacterial growth. Avoid usage of various cosmetics and feminine products on the genitals, as they can disturb the normal pH balance.

Symptoms- The symptoms of urinary tract infections include:

• A persistent urge to urinate
• Burning sensation during urination
• Inability to control urine
• Change in the color of urine
• Blood in urine
• Pain in the pelvic region (especially in women)

Treatment: UTIs are diagnosed by urine samples. If your doctor finds bacterial activity in the sample, they recommend antibiotics. The antibiotics may vary according to the bacteria that has caused the infection. Some common drugs for the treatment are Sulfamethoxazole and Fosfomycin.